Food is any nutrient-rich substance consumed to sustain life and provide energy. It is the source of all living things, from simple organisms such as bacteria and yeast to complex multicellular plants and animals such as humans and other vertebrates. Food supplies vital energy to cells and organs, and helps them function properly. The human body requires a wide variety of nutrients to maintain good health and to avoid illness. Most people obtain most of the food they need from a diet consisting mainly of vegetables, fruits, grains and dairy products. In developed countries, most people have access to a wide selection of nutritious foods and experience relatively few problems with malnutrition. In many parts of the world, however, access to healthy, affordable food is limited.
A person’s diet may also influence his or her level of physical fitness and health. For example, a diet low in fiber can contribute to constipation and colon cancer. Excess sodium, fat and calories can contribute to obesity and heart disease. Diets low in calcium can lead to osteoporosis.
People can prepare food at home or purchase it ready-to-eat from shops and restaurants. Some people grow their own vegetables and fruit. Others raise animals to supply meat, milk and eggs. Food processing is done at home or in commercial kitchens, and is often assisted by the use of a food processor or blender. Cooking utensils include a range of pots and pans, as well as pressure cookers and frypans. Food can be eaten using a fork, spoon, knife, chopsticks or spork.
Most people consume food to satisfy physiologic needs, such as the need for protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins. Eating food can also satiate emotional and social needs, especially when it is shared with family and friends. Food can also be used to reinforce a sense of identity and place, such as when eating local cuisine or ethnic dishes.
The production of food is a global industry that is affected by a variety of factors, including the climate, soil quality and water availability. Technological developments in agriculture, such as improved varieties of seeds and better storage facilities, can increase crop yields. Improved transportation and communication systems can help distribute food more effectively.
The enjoyment of food can be a significant part of culture in some places, as is demonstrated by the popularity of regional and ethnic foods in the United States, for example. People who are fascinated with the preparation, nutrition and cultural significance of food are known as foodies. They often have a strong interest in food history and tradition, and may study culinary arts or become chefs. Many also read about and write about food, sharing their love for a particular dish or region with others through cookbooks, blogs and magazines. Writing about food can be a challenging and rewarding occupation for those who are interested in the subject. When writing about food, it is important to be able to describe not only how the food tastes and smells, but how it looks and feels, as well as how it is presented and served.