Food is anything that can be chewed and swallowed, and it provides the nutrients needed to sustain life and promote growth. It is also a source of energy and pleasure. Food can be made from both plants and animals. Plants provide most of the food consumed by humans. Animals may be a source of food for other animals, or they may serve as a source of human food through hunting or slaughter. Humans must always be careful to avoid eating spoiled or poisonous foods.
The type of food a person eats determines his or her health status. A healthy diet includes a variety of foods from the five main groups, in the proper quantities. This is the basis of nutrition, which studies how various foods affect the body.
Protein, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals are the essential building blocks of food. Each of these nutrients has its own unique functions within the body. For example, protein is used to build and repair cells, while carbohydrates supply energy for the body’s tissues and organs. Fats are a source of energy, and they are also needed to help protect the body from infection and to control its temperature. Minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, help keep the bones strong and the blood pressure low.
All of these elements are found in a wide range of foods, from meats and dairy products to grains and vegetables. People’s diets vary from one country to another, and even within a single region, the types of foods eaten can be quite different. Geographical factors account for some of this variation, as do differences in economics and culture.
A food that is a staple for many people is rice, which can be served as a breakfast cereal or as the base of stir-fry dishes. Other staples include beans, lentils, and quinoa. All of these foods are high in dietary fiber, which is essential for digestive health. Beans and legumes are also good sources of protein. Other good sources of protein are nuts and seeds, poultry, fish, and tofu.
Keeping a well-stocked pantry with foods that can easily be prepared can make it easier to eat a balanced meal. Stock up on frozen vegetables (without sauce), canned fruits in their own juice, lean meats such as chicken breast or tuna, whole-grain bread, brown rice, quinoa, and oatmeal. For cooking, keep a supply of ready-made (low sodium) tomato paste and canned vegetable or chicken broth, as well as olive oil, balsamic vinegar, mustard, herbs, and spices. For quick meals, try keeping a stash of canned or frozen soups (vegetable or beef), dried or canned beans and lentils, rice mix, canned tomatoes, and pasta. For added flavor and a range of vitamins, add herbs and spices to foods. If possible, buy foods that are locally grown and organic. This can help reduce the amount of pesticides and other harmful chemicals that are used in commercial farming. It can also help support local business.