Food is any substance eaten by humans and other organisms to provide energy and nutrients needed for survival. The most common food sources are plants and animals. People get their calories (energy) from the carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins in their diet. Plants get their energy from the Sun through photosynthesis. Animals get their energy from the plants they eat through a process called digestion. Eating healthy is important because it helps prevent diseases and improves overall wellbeing.
A healthy dietary pattern is key to living longer and reducing the risk of chronic diseases, like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and some cancers. It also promotes weight loss, increases energy levels and improves mental health. There are many different types of foods to choose from, and each one has its own unique characteristics.
The nutrient content of food differs and the way they are prepared and eaten also affects their nutritional value. For example, boiling or steaming vegetables reduces the amount of vitamin A and C they contain. Cooking also removes some of the fibre in beans and other legumes. Foods that are high in antioxidants, which fight free radical damage and protect cells, include berries, green vegetables and nuts.
People usually have a preference for certain types of food. These preferences can be based on cultural identity, religion, ethical considerations or taste and texture. For example, a person may prefer salty foods or sweet flavours. Other factors that influence choice of food include availability, cost, and convenience.
Food production and distribution are vital to the world economy. Agriculture and food processing contribute significantly to employment. The global food industry is highly competitive and is affected by weather conditions, market fluctuations and political instability. Food safety and security are major concerns for governments and international agencies.
There are three broad categories of food: plant-based foods, animal-based foods and processed foods. The first category includes fruits, vegetables, legumes and grains. The second category includes meat, poultry and dairy products. The third category is made up of a wide variety of foods that are preserved through canning, freezing, drying and salting.
Most of the food that people eat is processed in some way. The degree of processing is important because nutrients are lost in the process. For example, heating or drying destroys some vitamins and minerals. Food processing also helps make foods safe to eat by adding flavour, texture and colour, and preventing spoilage and pathogens. For these reasons, food preservation is an essential part of the food supply. This is a complex issue and it requires cooperation from producers, consumers and government authorities. Some foods are considered to be “superfoods” because of their exceptional nutrient content. However, replacing unhealthy fats with plant-based oils does not necessarily reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, for example. The best way to determine what to eat is to consult a dietician or nutritionist. They can advise on a balanced diet that suits the individual’s lifestyle and health goals.