Food is any substance consumed by organisms to obtain energy and nutrients. It is usually of plant or animal origin and contains essential compounds such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Different species have evolved feeding behaviours that satisfy the metabolic needs of their organisms and fit into specific ecological niches.
People can get most of the nutrients they need from a healthy, balanced diet. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains is important, as well as lean meats and fish, nuts, seeds and beans. Limiting processed foods such as cookies, cakes, fries and candies is also beneficial.
Choosing foods that are low in saturated and trans fats, sodium (salt) and added sugars is important for health. People should also drink enough water and eat foods that are high in fibre, especially those that contain a lot of dark leafy greens. The body gets antioxidants from these foods, which help prevent diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
A person’s choice of foods depends on many factors, including cost and availability. Different countries have different eating cultures and habits. The way that people prepare and eat foods is affected by their cultural background, religion, social and economic status. People can save money on food by buying in bulk and cooking at home. They can also cut costs by shopping at discount stores and using coupons.
The food industry is a significant contributor to the economy of nations and regions. In developed countries, it is a major employer and source of income. In developing countries, it is a significant provider of employment and a source of livelihood for millions of families. The food industry is involved in research and development, production, processing, distribution and marketing. It also provides a wide range of support services, such as storage and transportation.
Early humans were hunter-gatherers, but after the Ice Age they settled down and began farming, growing crops that would provide them with an adequate supply of food. Today, most people eat a combination of both animal and vegetable products. The average human being requires about 2,000 calories per day.
Food can be preserved by canning, freezing, drying, salting or smoking to extend its shelf life. In addition to these processes, foods can be refined by milling, cooking or pressing. This process removes some of the original nutritional value, but can make it more palatable and easier to digest.
The taste of food can be enhanced by seasoning, cooking techniques, the use of utensils and tableware, and the environment in which it is eaten. The act of preparing and serving food can be ritualized, as in religious ceremonies. Food is part of a person’s culture and can be used to express personality and identity, as in the preparation of ethnic or regional dishes.
The world’s population is rapidly increasing, and the need for food is becoming a major global issue. A global food system that ensures a sufficient supply of safe, nutritious and affordable foods is necessary for sustainable development.