Food is any substance eaten by living organisms as a source of nutrition and energy. It is also the source of many bodily functions, including maintenance, growth and reproduction. Food is either plant or animal in origin. Animals are omnivores or carnivores or both and obtain their food by hunting or gathering plants or by eating other animals. Plants are the primary source of energy and nutrients in the human diet, converting solar energy into food through photosynthesis.
A healthy diet includes foods from each of the food groups, in the recommended amounts. Examples of healthful foods include lean meats, fish and poultry, eggs, beans and other legumes, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and fruits and vegetables. It should be low in salt, added sugars, and saturated fats, and contain minimal trans fats. Avoid processed foods such as packaged snacks, cakes and cookies, soft drinks and fried fast foods.
In addition to meeting the basic needs for survival, food provides pleasure and satisfaction by stimulating all the senses: sight, smell, touch, taste and, most importantly, sound. It is the basis for social interaction, and an important cultural symbol, as well as a source of income and identity.
The science of food integrates biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering to solve real-world problems related to the production, storage, transportation and safety of food for all people at a reasonable cost and with minimal environmental impact.
Healthy food choices are key to overall good health, but it can be difficult to know which foods are best. Start with familiar favorites such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy. Then try some new options, such as dark leafy greens and sweet potatoes, which are rich in vitamins and minerals. Add variety to these staples by cooking and seasoning them in different ways.
For example, steamed broccoli and chicken breast with a drizzle of olive oil and toasted pine nuts is a simple meal, while tossing sweet potatoes in a little olive oil and roasting them until tender provides a delicious dinner. Adding herbs such as basil, thyme or rosemary to your favorite foods can also enhance their flavor.
It is important to eat slowly and be mindful of what you are eating. This will help you feel satisfied with smaller portions and avoid overeating. It also gives your brain time to signal that you are full, making it more likely that you will eat less at the next meal. In addition, eat with others whenever possible to prevent mindless overeating. When choosing snacks, opt for healthier choices such as fruit, hummus on toast, a hard-boiled egg, or yogurt. And remember to drink water throughout the day.