Food is any substance consumed by animals or plants for the nutritional support of life and growth. It provides energy and nutrients, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Food is obtained from plants or animals through foraging, hunting and gathering, agriculture and gardening. People may also eat prepared and packaged foods from restaurants and shops, as well as from home refrigerators or freezers. The dietary intake of an individual may vary widely depending on age, health conditions, culture and traditions.
A healthy diet is essential for good health, preventing disease and promoting longevity. It includes a variety of foods and beverages that provide energy and nutrients, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fish, eggs and milk. It also includes healthy fats from vegetable sources, as well as moderate amounts of salt and added sugars.
Eating a balanced diet can help reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. This is because a healthy diet contains fewer calories from solid fats and added sugars, and more complex carbohydrates. It also contains adequate levels of protein and fibre.
The human body requires a wide range of nutrients to function properly. The most important nutrient is protein, which is used to build tissues and produce enzymes. The body also needs healthy fats, which can be found in nuts and seeds. It also needs carbohydrates, which supply energy and are found in vegetables and some starchy foods like potatoes, yams and cassava. Finally, the body needs vitamins and minerals, which are found in many different fruits and vegetables.
Besides nourishing the body, eating also meets certain psychological and social functions. It can bring family and friends together for a meal, and it is often part of celebrations and rituals. Food can also act as a source of comfort during difficult times. It is important to eat enough food to avoid malnutrition and overeating.
A person’s choice of foods can be influenced by culture and tradition, as well as personal preferences and dietary restrictions. For example, some people choose to eat only organic or locally grown foods. Others choose to exclude foods containing animal products, such as meat and dairy, which is called veganism. Some people avoid certain foods because of allergies or sensitivities.
Modern food processing technologies have enabled the production of a wide variety of processed foods that are safe, nutritious and appealing to consumers. These include canned, frozen and dried goods. Processed foods can be high in fat, sodium and sugars, but can also contain beneficial nutrients, such as potassium, calcium, niacin and magnesium. These foods can be a convenient and affordable source of nutrients, especially for individuals with limited cooking or shopping time. However, these foods should be eaten in moderation because of their high calorie and nutrient content.