Food is any nutrient-rich substance consumed by animals or plants for energy and nourishment. The food supply is influenced by many factors ranging from climate and weather to cultural traditions and social values. In the United States, food is regulated by the FDA to ensure quality and safety. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, protein, carbohydrates, and healthy fats is essential for good health. Eating at least five portions of a variety of foods each day is recommended.
Plants are the main source of food for humans and animals. People grow crops like grains, beans, fruits, and vegetables for consumption. They also raise livestock for meat and dairy products. Food can be preserved by freezing, salting, smoking, or drying. Many cultures around the world have distinctive cuisines based on their geographic region and heritage.
The function of food goes beyond nutrient provision. It can serve social functions by providing an opportunity for family and friends to gather together, and it can reinforce a sense of cultural identity through the consumption of local or regional foods. The pleasure and sense of satisfaction that comes from the act of eating is also important.
Depending on the culture, people may be vegetarian (excluding all animal products), pescatarian (including fish), or omnivorous (including both plant and animal foods). People can also choose to avoid gluten by following a gluten-free diet.
In general, it is best to eat whole foods that are minimally processed and as close to their natural state as possible. These foods tend to be lower in calories and contain more nutrients than their highly processed counterparts. When shopping for food, try to buy locally grown or raised produce, and look for items that are low in added sugars and sodium. Also consider purchasing items in bulk, which can reduce packaging waste and save money.
It is a good idea to cook meals at home rather than going out to restaurants, because it is easier to control portion sizes. When eating out, be sure to read menus carefully and order items that are low in fat and sodium. If you must eat out, consider splitting an entree with a friend or ordering a side salad instead of a full-sized meal.
A balanced diet is key to good health. A diet high in fruits, vegetables, protein, carbohydrates, healthy fats, and fiber helps prevent obesity and chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes. It is recommended to eat at least five portions of a variety of fruits and vegetables each day. A portion is 1 cup of chopped fruit or a medium-sized piece of fresh fruit, 3 heaped tablespoons of cooked vegetables, or 3 cups of sliced or diced vegetables.
A variety of foods is needed to get the most nutritional value out of each meal. For example, calcium and phosphorous are found in leafy green vegetables, dairy products, and seafood, while vitamins A, C, and E are found in fruits, tomatoes, nuts, and vegetable oils. Protein-rich foods, such as meat and fish, provide the body with amino acids that are necessary for cell repair and growth. In addition, dietary fiber helps with digestive health, and the amino acid tryptophan is known to boost mood by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.