Food is any nutrient-rich material consumed by animals and plants for energy and to sustain life. It includes substances such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. It also includes liquids such as water and alcohol. Most living things require food for survival and growth. People have varied preferences and tastes in food. Some foods are considered healthy, while others are not. In addition, some people have eating disorders which can cause health problems.
The industrialization of the world’s economies has changed how and what people eat. In the past, most people were hunter-gatherers and ate what was available in their immediate environment. The Industrial Revolution brought about new farming and livestock production techniques which increased the supply of food. It also made it possible to preserve and transport large quantities of food over long distances.
As people travelled and settled in different parts of the world they adopted the cuisines of those areas. Many of the dishes that are associated with national cuisines were invented by immigrants, for example chicken tikka masala was created in Glasgow, Scotland by immigrant Pakistanis.
Throughout history, people have tried to improve the taste and nutritional value of their food. They have also sought to find ways to reduce the time and effort needed to prepare meals. For example, in the 18th and 19th centuries, manufacturers developed canned and frozen foods that saved both time and labor in preparing meals.
There are many advantages to eating a well-balanced diet of natural, unprocessed foods. But for many people, especially those with busy lifestyles and limited cooking skills, processed foods offer a convenient way to obtain essential nutrients that may otherwise be difficult to obtain. Many processed foods are fortified with vitamins and minerals that may be missing from a person’s diet.
In general, it is best to avoid junk foods, which are high in calories, fat and salt but low in fibre and other nutrients. Instead, eat more vegetables and fruits, whole grains (pasta, bread, muesli), lean meats, fish and unsalted nuts. Be sure to drink 8 to 12 glasses of water a day.
It is also important to read labels on packaged foods. Manufacturers often hide large amounts of sugar and unhealthy fats in “fat-free” or “low-fat” foods, so check the ingredients list carefully.
Eating well doesn’t have to be expensive, but it is important to plan ahead. Buy in season when prices are lowest and make use of supermarket specials. Plan meals that can be made from leftovers and try to eat local produce when it is in season. It’s also helpful to have a few healthy snacks on hand to prevent overeating when you get hungry.