Food is any nourishing substance eaten, drunk or otherwise taken into the body to sustain life and provide energy. It is produced by plants, animals and other living things to supply nutrients needed for growth and survival. The nutrient-rich material is absorbed by the organisms and utilized through digestion. Plants, which convert solar energy into food through photosynthesis, are the primary source of human and animal food. Food is also obtained by eating the flesh of mammals and birds, fish, shellfish, insects and other creatures. Animals that feed on other animals for food, such as grazing cattle and wild game, are known as carnivores or omnivores. Humans are omnivores and carnivores.
In addition to providing energy, food provides the materials necessary for growth and repair of the body. A balanced diet is essential for good health.
The food available in the world is enormous, and it varies according to local culture, traditions, weather conditions, and availability of resources. Improved methods of transportation, refrigeration and food processing allow people to eat foods from all over the world. In the United States, for example, corn and tomatoes can be grown in California, while French cheeses and Italian pasta are popular imports.
A typical meal consists of two to three main dishes, one or more desserts and beverages. Most meals are prepared at home and consumed with family members. Increasingly, however, busy lifestyles have led to the use of ready-to-eat foods or fast foods. This has impacted the dietary habits of consumers and created a need for more scientific knowledge in food production and preparation.
Food science is a relatively new discipline that has developed to meet the demands of a changing society. It involves research into the composition, properties and processing of foods to ensure they are safe and nutritious. The science of food has expanded to include such topics as the effect of food on human health and the environment.
Healthy dietary practices can reduce the risk of developing some chronic diseases, including heart disease and high blood pressure. Choose nutrient-rich foods, such as whole grains, lean meats, fruits and vegetables. Try to drink at least eight to twelve cups of water per day. Also, choose low-fat dairy products and limit salt, sugary drinks and alcoholic beverages.
If you have a limited budget, it is important to buy healthy food in season when prices are lower and store it for the rest of the year. It is also wise to buy staples such as rice, pasta, bread and tinned or frozen fish at the supermarket when they are on special offer. Trying to avoid takeaway foods is best, as they are often expensive, high in fat and salt and low in nutrition. It is best to stick to a regular routine of preparing healthy foods. This will help you save money and eat more healthily over the long term.