Food is the primary source of energy for humans and animals. It is essential to maintain growth, repair body tissues, and regulate vital processes in the body. However, excesses in diet can lead to obesity and other health problems.
Different species of animals have different feeding habits. For example, some fish are eaten raw, while others are dried or preserved. Fish can also be preserved by freezing or canning. Some of these fish are enriched with vitamins and minerals. In addition, they contain omega-3 fatty acids, which can help protect against heart disease.
The best way to get the nutrients we need is to eat a variety of foods. Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and some seeds are excellent sources of micronutrients. But many of these foods are also slightly acidic. Therefore, they may not be digested effectively. Also, chronic illnesses can reduce the absorption of these nutrients.
Humans have become more omnivorous. They have adapted to different ecosystems and have learned to utilize different types of plants and animals. These adaptations have led to the creation of countless cuisines. While the diversity of a country’s diet may be a result of geographic differences, it is usually due to local traditions.
The best food for a human’s diet will depend on the region. For instance, a person near the ocean may eat more fish than one who is farther inland. People living in warm, wet lowlands depend on crops that retain water. On the other hand, people in cool regions rely on crops that mature rapidly.
Many cultures have diversified the foods and manufacturing methods that are consumed. Examples include Italian, Nepalese, and French cuisines. Others have adapted to the local conditions to create their own versions of traditional dishes.
Food is also a driving force of globalization. Increasing trade has enabled more types of food to be produced and distributed. Improved transportation systems have made it easier to reach consumers.
Today, people around the world are using scientific principles to produce foods that are safer, more convenient, and more refined. However, these new products present challenges. For instance, manufacturers must be highly trained to produce safe products. Similarly, people have to know how to preserve foods properly. Poor hygiene can lead to dangerous products.
Food science is a relatively new field of study. It involves the systematic study of food and its components, including the processing and preservation of raw foods. This is done to understand how nutrients and other substances can influence our health.
The food industry is the largest non-government employer in the U.S. The FDA estimates that there are about 44,000 food processors in the United States. Other food manufacturers are canners, wineries, and food and beverage manufacturers.
Food security is an issue of great concern. According to the World Bank, the US was the second largest importer of food in 2005, followed by the European Union. Currently, over 420,000 people are killed by contaminated food every year.