Food is anything that can be eaten and digested by living organisms to provide nutrients necessary for growth and survival. It can be of plant, animal or fungal origin and contains essential elements such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Food is also a source of energy. Plants, which convert solar energy into food through photosynthesis, serve as the primary sources of foods for animals and humans.
Foods provide many long-term health benefits if consumed in the right proportions to promote a balanced diet. Proper nutrition can help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes and certain cancers. It can also improve mental health by reducing depression, improving memory and concentration, and providing the body and brain with the fuel needed to function at its best.
Eating a wide variety of foods helps people obtain the appropriate amounts of vitamins, minerals and protein. It can also help maintain a healthy weight and lower cholesterol levels. It can also be an important way to experience new flavors and cultural traditions.
The world’s cultures are influenced by the geographic and social environment, which is reflected in their cuisines. Each culture has a distinctive combination of herbs, spices, cooking techniques and recipes that defines its food. The study of these cultures’ cuisines is called gastronomy.
Humans are omnivorous and have adapted to secure food by hunting and gathering, agriculture, horticulture and pastoralism. They have also established trade networks that allow them to consume foods from other regions of the world.
A diet low in fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, lean meats and fish can lead to deficiencies of nutrients and a host of health problems. Foods high in sugar, saturated fats and trans-fats can contribute to obesity, coronary artery disease, stroke and high blood pressure. Foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon and walnuts, can reduce the risk of heart disease.
Eating the recommended amount of calories for your age, sex and physical activity level can support good health. It can also prevent long-term health conditions, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and osteoporosis. Eating a well-balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, protein, complex carbohydrates, healthy fats and fiber is essential for a healthy lifestyle. Avoid overeating and eat mindfully. When eating out, try to split a dish with a friend or order smaller portions. At home, use visual cues – a serving of meat should be about the size of a deck of cards; a cup of beans, rice or pasta is about the size of your thumb; and a slice of bread is the size of your thumbnail. You can also eat more slowly to make sure you are full before finishing your meal. Beware that even “healthy” foods can be high in calories, so check labels and watch portion sizes. Make sure to avoid processed and fast foods. Eat whole, unprocessed versions of these foods whenever possible. For example, instead of French fries, choose baked, broiled or grilled chicken with some veggies and a salad.