Food is the substance consisting mainly of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and other nutrients used by an organism to sustain life and furnish energy. Its acquisition is facilitated by the digestive system. The most common foods include cereal grains, fruits and vegetables, legumes (such as beans and lentils), and meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. Obtaining the correct amounts of each type of food is vital to good health.
Food provides a variety of physiological functions as well as satisfies sensory needs. It enables people to meet their nutrient requirements for survival and growth and to maintain health, but it also plays a role in social bonding, reinforces cultural identity through cuisines and culinary traditions, and contributes to joy in daily living by providing pleasure and flavor.
Eating habits are influenced by culture, religion, economics, and the availability of certain foods. Individuals may choose to be vegetarian, vegan, or omnivorous, which refers to eating any kind of meat or plants. Other factors that influence diet include geography, climate, and available technology. The choice of food is an expression of personal values, and many meals are celebrated events.
The preparation of food can be a social or a recreational activity, and it often involves the whole family. For example, preparing and cooking meals for the family can be an important aspect of a homecoming or a reunion. Historically, women were responsible for meal planning and preparation, but this changed with the introduction of electric stoves in the 1920s and refrigerators in the 1930s. With the rise of feminism and men’s liberation in the workplace, it became more acceptable for men to take over the kitchen and cook dinner for the family. This prompted magazines such as Esquire to launch a “Man the Kitchenette” column in 1940.
It is important to understand the food supply chain in order to avoid consuming unhealthy foods. The primary sources of food are plants and animals that provide nutrition for humans by providing essential vitamins and minerals. Plants capture solar energy and transform it into food through photosynthesis. Animals capture and consume the food they need to survive, which transfers nutrients from them to humans who eat the animals.
A diet that includes foods from each of the four food groups is considered a balanced diet. It is recommended to drink eight to 12 cups of water daily. It is also important to eat dark green vegetables such as broccoli, peppers, and brussel sprouts, and a variety of fruits such as bananas, strawberries, and blueberries. Legumes, such as beans and lentils, are also a good source of fiber and should be included in the diet several times each week. In addition, it is important to eat whole grains such as wheat flour, barley, rye, amaranth, and quinoa at least twice a day. It is also helpful to include a small amount of low-fat dairy products in the diet. It is a good idea to consult with a registered dietitian for specific dietary concerns.