Food is a substance used to sustain growth and provide energy for vital processes in living things. It consists of proteins, carbohydrates, fats and minerals. It comes from plants, which convert solar energy into food through photosynthesis. Animals then eat plants for food, and the resulting transfer of matter and energy continues through the chain of living things.
Humans have developed different ways of obtaining and preparing food to meet their specific needs. These include hunting and gathering, horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture. Each of these is an adaptation to the environment in which people live and provides a means of getting the nutrients necessary for health and survival.
In many countries, improved methods of food processing, preservation, storage and shipping allow people to enjoy foods from around the world. Olive oil from Spain, cheeses from France and sardines from Norway are commonplace in people’s diets today. Local traditions and customs also influence what foods people eat. People who live near the sea may eat more fish than those who live farther inland. In addition, the climate affects what types of crops will grow best in a region.
A healthy diet is one that includes a variety of foods and beverages. It should be low in fat, salt and sugar and contain adequate amounts of protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals. Choosing whole grains instead of refined ones, eating more lean meats and less saturated fats, and drinking more water are all important for good health. It is also wise to limit the amount of processed foods eaten and to read food labels to make sure they are low in sodium (salt) and fat.
Developing a healthy eating style will require some effort. It is helpful to plan meals and snacks in advance. When dining out, choose items that are lower in fat and higher in fiber. Avoid fried foods and those with high sodium content. It takes a while for the brain to signal fullness, so eat slowly and stop when you feel satisfied. It is also a good idea to eat with others when possible to help control overeating.
Everyone already knows that fruits and vegetables are important for a healthy diet, but they can be more fun to prepare than people expect. They can be stir-fried, grilled or baked. Try using interesting spices and cooking techniques to make vegetables more flavorful. Other healthy foods include beans, nuts and seeds, and rice. When buying beef, look for grass-fed varieties and avoid feedlot meats. When purchasing dairy products, choose lower-fat options. Beware of label claims such as “low-fat” or “fat-free”; these foods may contain other substances, such as sugar, that are unhealthy.